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1/4 Square Dirham - Muhammad II al-Burtuqali

Issuer Wattasid dynasty
Year 1504-1526
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Shape Square (irregular)
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Obverse description Central field bearing a multi-line Arabic religious inscription in bold, raised script, typical of Wattasid hammered coinage. The lettering is arranged in stacked horizontal registers across the roughly square flan, with the legend occupying the majority of the die area. A plain double line border frames the lower portion of the design. The strike is characteristic of the period, with slightly irregular flan edges and moderate relief. The overall style reflects the Maghrebi Andalusian calligraphic tradition prevalent in fifteenth and sixteenth century Moroccan silver coinage.
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Reverse description Central field displaying a multi-line Arabic inscription enclosed within a rectangular border surmounted by a decorative arch or crenellated top panel, a layout characteristic of Wattasid square dirhams. The text is rendered in raised Maghrebi script distributed across two or three horizontal lines within the framed cartouche. Vertical border rules flank the central inscription panel on both sides. The flan edges are irregular, consistent with hand-cut hammered production. The reverse design follows the standard Wattasid epigraphic convention, with the religious or dynastic formula clearly prominent within the frame.
Reverse script Arabic
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