1/4 Snaphaan / Peerdeke - Charles of Egmond

Charles of Egmond spent nearly his entire reign at war with the Habsburgs, and his persistent minting of small billon denominations was as much a political act as a fiscal one — maintaining a functioning currency in Guelders was central to his claim of independent ducal authority against Charles V's relentless annexation campaigns. The duchy was formally absorbed into Habsburg territory only in 1543, five years after Charles of Egmond's death ended a dynasty that had stubbornly refused absorption for decades.

The near half-century span of this type's production across 1492–1538 means dies and fabric vary considerably within the series.