1/4 Kupang - Srivijaya of Sumatra

The Srivijaya polity controlled the Strait of Malacca at its height, extracting tolls from virtually every maritime trade route connecting the Indian Ocean to the South China Sea. These tiny gold fractions almost certainly facilitated small-value exchange within that commercial network rather than long-distance trade, where larger denominations and foreign specie dominated. The electrum question remains genuinely unresolved — assay results across known examples show inconsistent gold purity, suggesting either deliberate alloying or regional variation in source material.