Ferdinand II's assumption of the Aragonese crown in 1479 — and his concurrent rule as Ferdinand V of Castile alongside Isabella — created the dynastic union that would eventually consolidate into Habsburg Spain, but Catalonia retained its own mint rights, coinage, and monetary conventions throughout his reign. The "wavy hair" distinction separates an earlier die style from later issues and is the primary variable Crusafont uses to organize this type.
Ferdinand II's assumption of the Aragonese crown in 1479 — and his concurrent rule as Ferdinand V of Castile alongside Isabella — created the dynastic union that would eventually consolidate into Habsburg Spain, but Catalonia retained its own mint rights, coinage, and monetary conventions throughout his reign. The "wavy hair" distinction separates an earlier die style from later issues and is the primary variable Crusafont uses to organize this type.