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1/2 Tornês Escudo - Fernando I Lisboa mint

Issuer Portugal
Year 1367-1370
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Currency Libra (1st Dynasty, 1128-1383)
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Obverse description Central field displays the Portuguese royal arms: a shield bearing five inescutcheons arranged in a cross, each charged with five roundels (quinas), the whole surmounted by a crown. The shield is set within a plain inner border surrounded by a beaded circle. The circular Latin legend FERNANDVS REX PORTV runs around the periphery, separated from the inner device by the beaded border. The die work is characteristic of mid-14th-century Portuguese hammered coinage, with bold relief on the escutcheons and roundels.
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Edge Plain
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Fernando I struck this issue during the opening years of his reign, a period consumed almost entirely by the First Fernandine War against Castile — a conflict he provoked by pressing his claim to the Castilian throne following the death of Pedro I. War finance put relentless pressure on the Portuguese mint, and the billon coinage of this reign shows it: successive debasements drove silver content downward across Fernando's monetary issues, making the earlier strikes like this one marginally more honest than what followed.

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