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1/2 Tanka - Muhammad Khudabandah Kojur
| Issuer | Iran |
|---|---|
| Year | 1578-1588 |
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| Currency | Shahi (1501-1798) |
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| Obverse description | Central field bears a bold nastaliq calligraphic inscription naming Sultan Muhammad, enclosed within a multi-lobed cartouche formed by interlacing foliate strokes. The name is rendered in prominent raised relief with characteristic Safavid decorative flourishes. Surrounding the central cartouche, a circular marginal legend carries the Shi'ite Kalima (profession of faith), reading continuously around the periphery. Small pellet or dot ornaments punctuate the border zone between the central device and the surrounding legend. The overall composition is characteristic of late Safavid provincial hammered coinage, with the irregular flan lending the design an asymmetric appearance. |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Arabic |
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| Additional information |
Muhammad Khudabandah ruled the Safavid realm from 1578 to 1588 under extraordinarily difficult circumstances — nearly blind from birth, he was placed on the throne largely as a figurehead following the death of Shah Tahmasp II's more capable successors. His reign coincided with sustained Ottoman and Uzbek military pressure on both frontiers simultaneously, draining the treasury and fragmenting administrative control over the mints. That fiscal and political instability makes coherent coin series from his reign genuinely scarce. The Kojur attribution points to a regional mint in Mazandaran, a province that retained relative autonomy during periods of central weakness.