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1/2 Tanka - Giyas ud din Muhammad II
| Issuer | Sultanate of Gujarat |
|---|---|
| Year | 1443-1451 |
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| Currency | Rupee (1396-1583) |
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| Obverse description | Hammered copper flan bearing a multi-line Arabic inscription in bold Naskh script, divided horizontally by a single ruled line across the field. The upper register displays the kalima or royal formula, while the lower register carries additional elements of the sultan's titulature. The lettering is deeply struck and slightly irregular owing to the hand-struck nature of the flan, with the legend extending nearly to the coin's uneven periphery. The flat field shows natural patination consistent with long burial or circulation. |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Arabic |
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| Additional information |
Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad Shah II ruled Gujarat for less than a decade before dying in 1451, leaving a sultanate that would reach its political peak only under his successors. The Gujarat Sultanate struck copper tankas in fractional denominations primarily to facilitate low-value market transactions at a time when the region's textile and spice trades were generating enormous wealth at the wholesale level — the copper coinage existed precisely because the silver did not reach the hands doing the smallest transactions.