1/2 Rijksdaalder `1/2 Bourgondische kruisrijksdaalder` MONETA

Gelderland was among the most militarily exposed of the rebel provinces during the early 1590s, with Spanish forces under Parma operating aggressively along its borders. The province struck these heavy silver pieces partly to meet urgent payroll demands for garrison troops — soldiers who would not wait for coin from Holland or Zeeland to arrive.

The "Bourgondische kruis" type draws on coinage conventions inherited from Habsburg Burgundian rule, a deliberate act of monetary continuity at a moment when the Republic had no unified mint authority. Gelderland's provincial mint at Arnhem was asserting its own issuing prerogative, a persistent source of friction with the Generality.