1/2 Real Santa Marta

Santa Marta issued its own copper coinage during the independence struggle when royalist forces still controlled the city, making this one of the more politically ambiguous provincial emissions of the period. The city changed hands repeatedly between 1810 and 1815, and local copper issues filled a void left by the near-total collapse of normal colonial monetary supply lines from Bogotá and Cartagena.

KM#C3 is poorly documented in most references, with surviving specimens showing considerable variation in flan preparation — likely the result of improvised local production rather than any established mint infrastructure.