1/2 Real - Fernando VII second type

Fernando VII never set foot in the Americas, yet his portrait continued to appear on Lima's coinage for over a decade while he sat imprisoned in France — first under Napoleon's arrangement at Valençay, then restored to the Spanish throne in 1814. The Lima Mint kept striking in his name throughout the entire independence struggle in Peru, which didn't formally conclude until 1821, making the later dates of this type genuinely transitional objects: royalist coinage produced as the royalist cause collapsed.

The "second type" designation distinguishes this from the earlier bust portrait issues, reflecting a revised design directive from Madrid that reached colonial mints at different times, accounting for some date overlap between types at Lima specifically.