1/2 Real - Carlos IV Numeral IV, Carlos III portrait

Historical Context:This 1/2 Real, struck in Mexico (Viceroyalty of New Spain) 1789-1790, is a pivotal transitional issue. Following Carlos III's death in December 1788 and Carlos IV's ascension, it uniquely combines the legend "CAROLUS IIII" with Carlos III's established portrait bust. This practice, common in colonial mints, reflects delayed master die transmission from Spain or pragmatic use of existing punches for initial issues, especially lower denominations, bridging two Bourbon reigns.

Artistry:The design adheres to the Neoclassical aesthetic prevalent in late 18th-century Bourbon Spanish mints, emphasizing classical proportions and clarity. While no individual engraver's signature is present, the Carlos III portrait derives from established master punches from his reign, likely influenced by the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando. This consistent use of the familiar effigy, despite the monarchical legend change, underscores the institutional continuity and established artistic standards of the Casa de Moneda de México.

Technical/Grading:For optimal grading, prioritize obverse portrait sharpness: laurel wreath, hair above ear, and drapery folds. The "CAROLUS IIII" legend, particularly the "IIII" numeral, and date clarity are critical. On the reverse, full definition of crown jewels, lions' features, castles' turrets, and Bourbon escutcheon fleurs-de-lis are key. A strong strike, often challenging for colonial issues, revealing crispness in the pillars of Hercules and assayer's initials, significantly enhances numismatic value.