1/2 Real Boliviano

Miguel Lanieri was a private merchant or commercial house operating in Victoria, Bolivia — not a chartered bank. Notes issued under private commercial authority like this were common in mid-nineteenth century South America, filling a fractional currency gap that state institutions consistently failed to address. The half-real denomination places it squarely in everyday petty commerce: too small for banking, essential for markets.

PS#1979 puts this firmly in the Andean private issue category, a group that survives in very small numbers precisely because fractional paper of this kind was used hard and discarded fast.