1/2 Pitis - Sultan Zain al-Abadin Muazzam Shah

Batubara was a minor Malay sultanate on Sumatra's northeast coast, and its coinage reflects the fragmented monetary reality of the region — local tin issues circulated alongside Dutch VOC copper and Chinese cash in a hierarchy determined more by trade necessity than by any central authority. The Pitis denomination was the smallest unit in Malay monetary systems, typically cast rather than struck, and surviving examples are routinely found corroded or misshapen given tin's susceptibility to pest — the electrochemical degradation that consumes the metal from within over time.