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1/2 Penny - Robert II
| Issuer | Scotland |
|---|---|
| Year | 1371-1390 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | 1/2 Penny (1⁄480) |
| Currency | Log in to see details |
| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | Log in to see details |
| Diameter | Log in to see details |
| Thickness | Log in to see details |
| Shape | Log in to see details |
| Technique | Log in to see details |
| Orientation | Log in to see details |
| Engraver(s) | Log in to see details |
| In circulation to | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Log in to see details |
| Obverse lettering | Log in to see details |
| Reverse description | A voided long cross extending to the coin's edge divides the reverse into four quarters, each containing a five-pointed mullet (star). The peripheral legend VILLA DVNDE, identifying the mint town of Dundee, is inscribed in uncial Latin characters. The design follows the standard Scottish halfpenny reverse type of the period, with the cross and mullet arrangement characteristic of Robert II's coinage. The irregular flan and variable strike are consistent with hammered production of the late 14th century. |
| Reverse script | Log in to see details |
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| Edge | Log in to see details |
| Mint | Log in to see details |
| Mintage | ND (1371-1390) |
| Additional information |
Robert II, the first Stewart king, inherited a Scottish monetary system severely disrupted by decades of English occupation and ransom payments for David II — the 100,000 mark ransom agreed at Berwick in 1357 had drained the kingdom's silver reserves for years. Halfpennies of this reign are rarely encountered simply because small silver fractions were the first denominations to disappear from circulation through loss and hoarding when bullion was tight.
Spink 5153 encompasses multiple die combinations across a nineteen-year reign, and attribution to specific emission periods remains contested among Scottish series specialists.