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1/2 Penny - Richard I Short Cross type, class 4b
| Issuer | England |
|---|---|
| Year | 1189-1199 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | 1/2 Penny (1⁄480) |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Diameter | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Facing crowned royal effigy of the king, depicted with hair rendered in single or parallel crescents to the left and right of the face. The bust is shown holding a sceptre in the right hand, with the portrait framed by a beaded inner circle. A retrograde or abbreviated regal legend reading HENRICVS REX encircles the effigy, reflecting the Angevin practice of retaining the name of Henry II throughout the Short Cross coinage. The style is characteristic of class 4b hammered halfpennies, with a somewhat angular, schematic rendering typical of late 12th-century English coin portraiture. |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Log in to see details |
| Obverse lettering | + hENRICVS REX (Translation: King Henry) |
| Reverse description | A voided short cross divides the reverse field into four quadrants, with a single pellet placed in each of the four angles formed by the cross arms, all contained within a beaded inner circle. The cross arms extend to but do not reach the inner circle, which is a defining feature of the Short Cross coinage type. A moneyer's legend identifying the moneyer Fulke and the mint of London is arranged around the inner circle. The design is typical of the class 4b Short Cross halfpenny, struck at the London mint under the reign of Richard I, though bearing the name of Henry II in accordance with contemporary coinage convention. |
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