1/2 Penning

Struck under Sigurd Jorsalfar, whose reign coincided with Norway's most active period of crusading engagement, these small silver fractions were produced at a time when Norwegian coinage was technically rudimentary — flans irregular, dies hand-cut, weight standards loosely observed. Skaare's cataloging of this type drew heavily on hoard evidence, as surviving examples outside major Scandinavian collections are genuinely rare.

The fraction itself reflects a monetary system still borrowing conceptual framework from Anglo-Saxon penny traditions introduced generations earlier under Olaf Haraldsson.