1/2 Patagon - Philip IV

Tournai's status as a minting authority was perpetually contested. The city changed hands repeatedly during the Eighty Years' War and the broader Franco-Spanish conflicts of the seventeenth century, and Philip IV's administration maintained the mint there partly as a political assertion — coinage being among the most visible declarations of jurisdictional control over a rebellious and strategically valuable city on the French border.

The long date range reflects interrupted production rather than continuous output. French sieges and occupations periodically shut the Tournai mint entirely, which accounts for the uneven survival distribution across the run's four decades.