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1/2 Karshapana - Shivamitra
| Issuer | Panchala Kingdom (Janapadas (pre-Mauryan)) |
|---|---|
| Year | 200 |
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| Orientation | Medal alignment ↑↑ |
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| Obverse description | Central field occupied by a large, boldly incuse rectangular symbol composed of two vertical pillars surmounted by a horizontal bar, creating a gateway or torana-like device characteristic of Panchala coinage of the period. The design is rendered in a robust, schematic style typical of hammered cast copper issues. The field surrounding the central device is plain and unadorned, with the flan exhibiting the irregular contours inherent to hand-hammered production. Surface patination shows areas of green cuprite consistent with long burial. |
|---|---|
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| Reverse script | Brahmi |
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| Additional information |
Shivamitra was one of several local rulers operating in the Panchala region — roughly modern Uttar Pradesh — during a period when the Mauryan imperial structure had collapsed and successor powers had not yet consolidated. The punch-marked and cast copper issues attributed to these rulers represent the continuation of a coinage tradition that predates the Mauryas but persisted well into the post-Mauryan fragmentation. MACW 4509 is a catalogued reference within Mitchiner's system, though attribution of specific rulers within the Panchala series remains contested among specialists due to the overlapping use of symbols across dynastic lines.