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1/2 Karshapana - Shivamitra
| Issuer | Panchala Kingdom (Janapadas (pre-Mauryan)) |
|---|---|
| Year | 200 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | 3.11 g |
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| Obverse description | Central field occupied by a large, boldly incuse rectangular symbol composed of two vertical pillars surmounted by a horizontal bar, creating a gateway or torana-like device characteristic of Panchala coinage of the period. The design is rendered in a robust, schematic style typical of hammered cast copper issues. The field surrounding the central device is plain and unadorned, with the flan exhibiting the irregular contours inherent to hand-hammered production. Surface patination shows areas of green cuprite consistent with long burial. |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Log in to see details |
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| Reverse description | The reverse bears a two-line Brahmi legend filling the central field, reading 'sivamitrasa' in the genitive case, identifying the issuing ruler Shivamitra of the Panchala kingdom. Above the inscription, a raised device — possibly a humped bull or animal figure — is discernible in the upper portion of the field, though heavily worn. The script is bold and deeply struck, with individual aksharas rendered in the early Brahmi style associated with northern Indian coinage of circa 200 BCE. The flan is irregular and the edge uneven, consistent with the hammered technique employed for this series. |
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| Reverse lettering | (Translation: sivamitrasa) |
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