1/2 Karshapana - Indramitra

The Panchala kingdom, centered in the upper Gangetic plain roughly between modern Bareilly and Kampilya, issued punch-marked and cast copper in a period when dynastic identity was asserted almost entirely through coinage rather than monumental inscription. Indramitra is attested only through his coins — no epigraphic record survives. The fractional karshapana denominations were the workhorse of local market exchange, and copper issues from minor Panchala rulers are notoriously difficult to attribute with precision, making the ACR classification one of the few anchors available to the specialist.