1/2 Groat półgrosz - Alexander

Alexander Jagiellon struck these halfgroats as Grand Duke of Lithuania before his election to the Polish throne in 1501, making the issue a product of purely Lithuanian administration rather than the unified Polish-Lithuanian apparatus that would follow. The mint at Vilnius operated under considerable pressure during this period — the Grand Duchy was absorbing the financial strain of ongoing conflict with Muscovy, and the billon content of these coins reflects a deliberate debasement policy to stretch silver reserves.

The Iva#2AJ1-1 classification places this among the earliest die groupings, struck before Alexander's dual reign complicated mint authority between Kraków and Vilnius.