1/2 Groat - Mary of Burgundy

Mary inherited the Burgundian Netherlands in 1477 following her father Charles the Bold's death at Nancy, immediately facing a French invasion and a revolt by the Estates General demanding the Grand Privilege — a sweeping rollback of ducal authority she was forced to sign within weeks of taking power. Her marriage to Maximilian of Habsburg that same year brought the Low Countries into the Habsburg orbit, a dynastic shift with consequences that would echo for two centuries. Holland's mints continued producing fractional billon throughout the transitional period, though Mary's sudden death from a riding accident in 1482 cut the issue short.