1/2 Gold Rupee

Obverse description	Central field occupied by multi-line Arabic legend divided by a horizontal line, with the date 1783 (in Western numerals) inscribed below the dividing line. Decorative floral or scroll motifs appear in the lower portion of the field. A small rooster or bird device is depicted at the top of the legend, serving as a mint or issuer mark. The coin exhibits a milled or reeded edge border visible around the circumference.
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Mintage	1783 - - 1784 - - 1,610 1785 - - 5,147 1798 - - 1799 - - 3,321
Additional information	The VOC's gold rupee coinage for its Ceylon and Coromandel Coast operations was struck at a time when the Company was in terminal financial decline — by the 1780s it was effectively insolvent, kept alive by Dutch state loans while simultaneously fighting the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War. The half rupee denomination served trade with Mughal-standard markets where the rupee weight was the accepted unit, requiring the VOC to produce coins calibrated to local monetary expectations rather than Dutch ones. The VOC charter lapsed on 31 December 1799, and the Batavian Republic nationalized its remaining assets the following day.