½ Fanam - Miyana Nawabs of Cuddapah Karpa

The Miyana Nawabs of Cuddapah held the region as deputies of the Nizam of Hyderabad through much of the eighteenth century, their authority perpetually contested by Mysore to the west and Maratha pressure from the north. Coinage at this scale — fractional fanams in gold — served local bazaar transactions in a region where silver was chronically scarce. The Karpa designation likely reflects a local mint or treasury site rather than a distinct political authority.