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1/2 Falus - Muhammad Shah II
| Issuer | Malwa, Sultanate of |
|---|---|
| Year | 1511-1516 |
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| Reference(s) | Mitch WI#188 |
| Obverse description | Hammered square flan bearing Arabic legends in the field, executed in the angular script characteristic of Malwa Sultanate copper coinage. The inscription, distributed across the face in multiple lines, references the ruling sultan Muhammad Shah II. The die-struck lettering is bold but somewhat roughly rendered, consistent with provincial mint practice of the early sixteenth century. Encrustation and surface corrosion partially obscure the legend, though the characteristic layout of the type remains discernible. |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Arabic |
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| Additional information |
Muhammad Shah II ruled Malwa for just five years before the sultanate was absorbed by Gujarat under Sultan Muzaffar II in 1531 — though the conquest was a drawn-out affair preceded by years of tributary pressure. The Malwa copper issues of this reign are poorly documented in terms of mint output, and the half-falus denomination in particular turns up rarely in systematic collections, likely reflecting small-scale local production rather than any centralized minting policy.