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1/2 Falus - Mahmud Shah II
| Issuer | Malwa, Sultanate of |
|---|---|
| Year | 1510-1530 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Diameter | Log in to see details |
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| Shape | Rectangular (irregular) |
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| Obverse description | Irregular rectangular hammered copper flan bearing multi-line Arabic script legend in the field, identifying this as a half falus issued under Mahmud Shah II of the Malwa Sultanate. The inscription is arranged in horizontal registers across the face, executed in a bold, somewhat crude hand typical of Malwa copper coinage of the early sixteenth century. A swastika device, a traditional auspicious symbol commonly employed on Malwa copper issues, appears within or adjacent to the legend field. The surfaces show characteristic die-struck relief with uneven flan edges resulting from the hammered production technique. |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Arabic |
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| Reverse description | Reverse of this hammered copper half falus of Mahmud Shah II of Malwa, presenting a multi-line Arabic script legend arranged in horizontal registers across the rectangular field. The inscription, typical of Malwa Sultanate copper coinage, is struck in bold relief against a flat ground, with lettering showing the characteristic angular style of the period. The flan edges are irregular and rough, consistent with hand-hammered production. Surface patination shows dark oxidation with areas of earthen deposit, evidencing extended burial or circulation. |
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