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1/2 Falus - Ghiyath Shah Khalji
| Issuer | Malwa, Sultanate of |
|---|---|
| Year | 1468-1498 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Orientation | Variable alignment ↺ |
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| Reverse description | Irregular square hammered copper flan bearing a two-line Arabic legend in raised relief, similarly divided by a horizontal raised linear border. The field carries the patronymic inscription reading 'Ibn al-Sultan / Mahmud Shah' in bold naskh-style script, affirming the ruler's dynastic lineage. The lettering occupies two distinct registers separated by a double ruled line, with the script showing the characteristic broad, compact strokes typical of Malwa Sultanate copper coinage. The flan surface exhibits natural surface porosity and patination consistent with prolonged circulation. |
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| Edge | Plain |
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| Additional information |
Ghiyath Shah ruled Malwa for thirty-one years without fighting a single war — an extraordinary record for a medieval Indian sultanate surrounded by ambitious neighbors. He delegated military and administrative affairs largely to his son Nasir and retreated into a court famous across the subcontinent for its poets, musicians, and the sheer scale of its female household. The copper fractional coinage of his reign circulated through a sultanate that was, by most contemporary accounts, genuinely prosperous and internally stable.
The half-falus denomination served the lowest tier of daily market transactions. GG#M88 is among the less commonly documented fractions from this reign.