1/2 Ducat - John I of Campofregoso

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正面文字	Latin (uncial)
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背面描述	The reverse is dominated by a bold cross pattée at centre, its splayed arms extending toward the beaded inner circle, executed in the flat relief typical of hammered medieval gold coinage. The cross is contained within a quatrelobed inner frame, each lobe formed by a curved beaded border. A circular Latin legend occupies the outer field, invoking the name of Conrad, King of the Romans, in accordance with the longstanding Genoese practice of acknowledging Holy Roman imperial suzerainty on the reverse. The composition is austere and symmetrical, consistent with the genovino-type coinage of the mid-fifteenth century.
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附加信息	John I of Campofregoso held the dogeship of Genoa twice — a first term cut short by factional violence, and a second beginning in 1445 that ended with his death in 1447, the probable year of this striking. The Campofregoso family dominated Genoese politics across much of the fifteenth century, cycling in and out of power against the rival Adorno clan in a sequence of coups that made continuous monetary policy nearly impossible. CNI III#3 is among the rarer ducal fractions attributed to his second reign, with surviving examples few enough that die study remains incomplete.

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