Catalog
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| Issuer | Catalonia, Principality of |
|---|---|
| Year | 1516-1555 |
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| Composition | Gold (.990) |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Log in to see details |
| Obverse lettering | I·C +IOANNA ET CAROLVS R (Translation: Joanna and Charles kings) |
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| Reverse script | Latin |
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| Additional information |
Joanna ("la Loca") held nominal sovereignty throughout this period while her son Charles governed as co-ruler — a constitutional fiction the Crown of Aragon's constituent territories, including Catalonia, accepted only grudgingly. Catalan mints retained considerable autonomy, and small divergences in die preparation were common enough that the inverted C punch on this type likely reflects workshop practice rather than a deliberate variety. Cal#65 distinguishes it precisely on that basis.