1/2 Ducat - Francis Sforza of Milan

Genoa's submission to Milanese rule under Francesco Sforza between 1464 and 1466 was not voluntary — the city had cycled through French, Milanese, and self-governed periods repeatedly across the fifteenth century, and this brief Sforza domination followed a French withdrawal. Coinage struck in Genoa during these years acknowledged Sforza lordship while the mint continued operating under local administrative inertia, producing this half ducat to the Venetian weight standard that had become the pragmatic benchmark for gold fractions across northern Italy.