½ Dollar - Charles III France

Charles III of France — the epithet "the Simple" attached to him not as an insult but as a period term meaning straightforward or direct — ceded Normandy to the Viking leader Rollo in 911 through the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, a pragmatic arrangement that reshaped the political geography of northern France for centuries. His reign ended in captivity; he died a prisoner of Herbert II of Vermandois in 929, never ransomed.