1/2 Bugne / 2 Denier

Metz maintained an unusual degree of monetary autonomy within the Holy Roman Empire throughout the fifteenth century, issuing its own billon fractional coinage well into a period when many comparable Free Cities had ceded minting rights or adopted regional standards. The bugne — a denomination peculiar to the Metz system — circulated alongside episcopal issues from the same city, creating a dual-authority monetary environment that confused contemporaries and continues to complicate attribution today.

Flon's corpus remains the essential reference, with this type catalogued under a sequence reflecting production across more than a century of essentially unchanged municipal policy.