1/2 Bolognino - Clement XI

Clement XI's pontificate was consumed almost entirely by the War of the Spanish Succession, during which Bologna — as a Papal States dependency — found itself navigating competing pressures from the major powers while the papacy's political standing eroded sharply. The Pope's 1713 bull Unigenitus, condemning Jansenism, provoked a crisis with France that further complicated Rome's temporal authority throughout the Italian territories.

The span of Munt numbers 211–217 across just six years suggests fairly active die production for this denomination, consistent with Bologna's role as a commercially active city requiring small copper for everyday transactions.