1/2 Bisti - George XII

Historical Context: This 1/2 Bisti copper coin was issued in 1799 under George XII, the penultimate monarch of the Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti. His brief reign (1798-1800) was a tumultuous period, marked by internal dynastic conflicts and increasing geopolitical pressure from the Russian Empire. The kingdom, a Christian enclave in the South Caucasus, struggled to maintain its sovereignty. This coin represents one of the final issues of an independent Georgian state before its annexation by Russia in 1801, serving as a vital medium for everyday transactions.

Artistry: The engraver for this coin remains anonymous, typical for the era's Georgian coinage. Stylistically, it belongs to the indigenous Georgian numismatic tradition, which, while absorbing influences from neighboring Safavid Persian and Ottoman empires, retained its distinct identity, particularly through the use of the Mkhedruli script. The design likely features the name and titles of King George XII in Georgian script, along with the date of issue (1799) and possibly a mintmark for Tiflis (Tbilisi), the capital. Copper issues generally exhibit simpler, less ornate designs.

Technical/Grading: Given its copper composition and period of striking, this 1/2 Bisti likely exhibits variable strike quality. High-points for wear and strike assessment would include the central elements of the Mkhedruli legend, any small decorative devices, and the outer rim areas. Planchet irregularities, such as minor flan cracks or uneven thickness, are common. Off-centring can also occur due to manual striking. A well-struck example would show full legends and a clear date, though minor weakness on the peripheries is expected even in higher grades.