1/2 Baiocco

Historical Context: The 1798 1/2 Baiocco was issued by the Roman Republic, a short-lived client state established by French revolutionary forces under Napoleon Bonaparte. This period marked a radical departure from centuries of papal rule, symbolizing the imposition of republican ideals and French influence on the Italian peninsula during the tumultuous Wars of the First Coalition. Its issuance reflects a temporary political upheaval, replacing traditional pontifical coinage with a new republican currency that aligned with the revolutionary principles of the era.

Artistry: The design of this 1/2 Baiocco adheres to the Neoclassical aesthetic prevalent during the French Revolutionary period. While a specific engraver is not commonly attributed to this denomination, the stylistic intent was to convey republican virtue and simplicity. Typical designs for this era feature symbols such as the fasces, representing unity and authority, often surmounted by a Phrygian cap of liberty, all encircled by a wreath. The lettering is clean and unadorned, reflecting the new political order and a clear break from the more ornate styles of the Ancien Régime.

Technical/Grading: Struck in copper with a weight of 5.55 grams and a diameter of 25.5 mm, this denomination often exhibits moderate relief. Key high-points susceptible to wear include the upper elements of the fasces, the details within the liberty cap, and the highest points of any surrounding wreath or lettering. As with many copper issues of the era, planchet quality can vary, and examples with a full, even strike and minimal surface imperfections are considered desirable. Weakness in the central motifs is common due to die wear or insufficient striking pressure.