1⁄12 Ecu - William Henry

The Principality of Orange was a tiny sovereign enclave entirely surrounded by French territory, and its rulers exploited that technicality aggressively — minting silver coinage on French monetary standards while answering to no French authority. William Henry of Nassau-Orange used his mint at Orange as much for political assertion as fiscal purpose. Louis XIV eventually had enough of it: French forces occupied Orange in 1660, yet minting continued under negotiated terms until the principality was formally annexed in 1673.

The spread of die varieties across Dh Orange#167–173 reflects nearly a decade of intermittent production under increasingly constrained circumstances.