1 000 000 Mark

Ingolstadt's municipal administration — like hundreds of German towns in 1923 — was forced to issue its own emergency currency as the Reichsbank's printing presses failed to keep pace with hyperinflation. By the time million-mark denominations became necessary, the psychological threshold had already been crossed: notes of this face value were essentially small change within weeks of printing.

The engraver and signatory being the same individual — Dr. Gruber — suggests a genuinely local production, with little separation between design authority and administrative sign-off. Notgeld of this type was often printed by municipal printers or local commercial presses under tight deadline, accounting for the variable print quality seen across the series.