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X Réis – Afonso VI

Issuer Kingdom of Portugal
Year 1663-1667
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Currency Real (1517-1835)
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Obverse script Latin
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Reverse description Central field bears a plain Latin cross with a square or rectangular outline formed by a dotted or linear inner border, dividing the field into four quadrants. The cross is characteristic of Portuguese royal coinage of the period, evoking the motto of Constantine. A circular legend surrounds the central device, reading IN HOC SIGNO VINCES (In this sign you shall conquer), a traditional Christian motto employed on Portuguese coinage. The design is enclosed within a beaded circle, with the typical irregular flan and variable strike quality consistent with hammered silver production at the Lisbon Mint during the reign of Afonso VI.
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Afonso VI's reign was dominated almost entirely by the regency of his mother Luísa de Gusmão and then the political maneuvering of the Count of Castelo Melhor, who effectively governed Portugal from 1662 onward. The king himself was partially paralyzed, likely from childhood illness, and exercised little personal authority over monetary or any other policy. These tiny silver pieces were struck during the final phase of the Restoration War against Spain, which had dragged on since 1640 and would not formally end until the Treaty of Lisbon in 1668 — just after this type's production ceased.

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