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Tetrassarion - Septimius Severus ΕΤΕΝΝΕΩΝ
| Issuer | Etenna |
|---|---|
| Year | 193-211 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Obverse description | Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust of Emperor Septimius Severus facing right, seen from the rear, with the paludamentum visible over the left shoulder. The effigy displays the emperor's characteristic short beard rendered in fine beaded curls, consistent with provincial portraiture of the Severan period. A beaded border frames the coin's circumference. The Greek imperial titulature runs around the bust in a circular legend occupying the full field. |
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| Reverse description | A nymph strides to the right with head turned back to the left, her outstretched arms holding a coiled serpent in both hands. To her left, an oinochoe (wine pitcher) is depicted above a second coiled serpent resting on the ground. To her right stands a nude, youthful male figure facing front with his right hand raised in a gesture of salutation or offering; at his feet to the left, a ram stands facing left. The composition is characteristic of the local cult imagery associated with the city of Etenna in Pisidia. The reverse ethnic legend is inscribed across the field. |
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| Additional information |
Etenna was a small city in Pisidia, the rugged inland region of southern Asia Minor, and its civic bronze coinage under Septimius Severus reflects the broader pattern of provincial minting that flourished during his reign as he consolidated power after the civil wars of 193 AD. The city's issues are scarce enough that die studies remain incomplete, and individual specimens frequently represent unrecorded or poorly documented die pairings.