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Tetartemorion

Issuer Ephesos
Year 550 BC - 500 BC
Type Standard circulation coin
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Reverse description Eagle's head in profile to right, rendered in incuse relief within an irregular, roughly oval field. The eye is prominently depicted, and the hooked beak is clearly defined, executed in the bold, schematic style typical of archaic Greek coinage from Ionia. The Greek letters Ε and Φ, abbreviating ΕΦΕΣΙΩΝ (of the Ephesians), appear in the field as the civic ethnic of Ephesos.
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Reverse lettering Ε Φ
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Additional information

Among the smallest coins ever produced in the ancient world, the Ephesian tetartemorion represents one-quarter of an obol — itself already a fractional denomination. Ephesos was among the earliest cities to adopt coinage, operating in a commercial environment shaped by proximity to Lydian trade networks and the electrum staters that preceded silver fractions like this one. At 0.20 g, these pieces were struck with surprising precision given the technology available, though die alignment and flan preparation were necessarily inconsistent at this scale.

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