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Stater - Ennea Hodoi
| Issuer | Uncertain Thraco-macedonian city (Thraco-macedonian region) |
|---|---|
| Year | 500 BC - 480 BC |
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| Orientation | Variable alignment ↺ |
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| Obverse description | A cow stands to the left or right upon a ground line, her head turned back in the archaic manner characteristic of early Thraco-Macedonian coinage. Beneath the cow, a newborn calf is depicted kneeling, rendered in low relief. Up to three pellets appear in the upper field, serving as a control or denomination marker. The bovine group is modeled with the robust, naturalistic style typical of northern Aegean mints of the late Archaic period. |
|---|---|
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| Edge | Plain |
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| Additional information |
Ennea Hodoi — "Nine Roads" in Greek — was the original settlement at the strategically vital crossing point on the Strymon River before Athenian colonists refounded it as Amphipolis in 437 BC. Control of the site meant control of access to the timber, silver, and gold resources of the Pangaion region, which is precisely why Athens had already attempted to plant a colony there in 465 BC, a venture that ended in catastrophe at Drabeskos when Thracians killed some ten thousand settlers.
The attribution to a specific mint authority remains contested; the "Thraco-macedonian" grouping is a numismatic convenience for issues whose precise civic origin the archaeological record has not resolved.