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Solidus - Grimoald III and king Charlemagne

Issuer Principality of Benevento
Year 788-792
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Value 1 Solidus
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Obverse description Facing bust of Grimoald III, bearded and draped, wearing a jewelled crown surmounted by a cross, rendered in the Byzantine manner typical of Lombard coinage. The effigy is shown frontally with stylised features, a dotted collar or necklace visible at the throat, and the paludamentum fastened at the shoulder. A globus cruciger or cross is held in one hand, with the ornamental drapery indicated by incised parallel lines across the chest. The surrounding Latin legend is divided to either side of the bust, reading GRIM - VALD.
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Reverse description A cross potent or stepped cross rising from a base of four steps occupies the central field, flanked to left and right by letters or sigla. The design closely follows late Byzantine solidus prototypes as adapted by the Lombard moneyers of Benevento. The surrounding Latin legend, divided across the field, references Charlemagne as overlord and invokes victory, reading DOMS - CAR · RX G - R VIC. The overall composition is characteristic of the joint-authority coinage issued under Grimoald III during Frankish suzerainty.
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