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Sestertius - Trajan S P Q R OPTIMO PRINCIPI S C, Jupiter and Victory
| Issuer | Roman Imperial Mint |
|---|---|
| Year | 103-111 |
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| Currency | Denarius, Reform of Augustus (27 BC – AD 215) |
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| Obverse description | Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust of Emperor Trajan facing right, rendered with strong portraiture characteristic of the Trajanic period, the emperor's distinctive features conveying authority and martial gravitas. The laurel wreath, symbol of imperial victory and divine favour, crowns a head of closely cropped curly hair, while the paludamentum (military cloak) is fastened at the right shoulder over the muscled cuirass. The surrounding legend runs clockwise in clear, deeply struck Latin capitals. The flan shows a rich green patina consistent with orichalcum or high-quality bronze of the early second century AD. |
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| Reverse description | A Roman triumphal arch of three bays is depicted in frontal elevation, its frieze inscribed IOM (Iovi Optimo Maximo, to Jupiter Best and Greatest), referencing the dedicatory inscription to the chief deity of the Roman state. Atop the tympanum of the central arch stands a figure of Jupiter, shown frontally, holding his characteristic attributes. The arch is surmounted by a monumental six-horse chariot (sextiugis) driven by two winged Victories, the whole composition emphasising Trajan's triumphal glory following the Dacian campaigns. The reverse legend is disposed around the field, with S C (Senatus Consultum) prominently placed, affirming senatorial authorisation for the bronze coinage. The design reflects the ambitious architectural and propagandistic programme of Trajan's reign. |
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| Reverse lettering | S P Q R OPTIMO PRINCIPI S C (Translation: Senatus Populusque Romanus Optimo Principi. Senatus Consultum. The senate and the Roman people to the best of princes. Decree of the senate.) |
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