Sestertius - Hadrian COS III S C, Roma

Issuer Roman Empire (27 BC - 395 AD)
Year 126-127
Type Standard circulation coin
Value 1 Sestertius = 1/4 Denarius
Currency Denarius, Reform of Augustus (27 BC – AD 215)
Composition Orichalcum
Weight 25 g
Diameter 32.5 mm
Thickness
Shape Round (irregular)
Technique Hammered
Orientation
Engraver(s)
In circulation to
Reference(s) RIC II.3#873, OCRE#ric.2_3(2).hdn.873
Obverse description Head of Hadrian, left.
Obverse script Latin
Obverse lettering HADRIANVS AVGVSTVS
(Translation: Hadrianus Augustus. Hadrian, emperor (Augustus).)
Reverse description Roma seated left on cuirass and shield, sometimes resting foot on helmet or shield, holding Victory and cornucopia.
Reverse script Latin
Reverse lettering COS III S C
(Translation: Consul Tertium. Senatus Consultum. Consul for the third time. Decree of the senate.)
Edge
Mint
Mintage ND (126-127) - -
Numisquare ID 1009934640
Additional information

Historical Context: This Sestertius, dated 126-127 AD, originates from Emperor Hadrian's reign (117-138 AD). The COS III S C inscription signifies his third consulship, a period defined by extensive imperial travels, border consolidation, and a profound focus on internal development and cultural enrichment. This "Roma" issue underscores Hadrian's dedication to the capital and the Roman state's enduring stability, reflecting his policy of Pax Romana through monumental public works and administrative reforms.

Artistry: Though specific engravers are unrecorded, this Sestertius exemplifies the High Imperial Roman aesthetic under Hadrian. The obverse features a finely executed, bearded portrait of Hadrian, often laureate, embodying imperial authority with realism and classical idealism. The reverse design, depicting Roma, likely portrays the goddess seated or standing, armed, symbolizing the Roman Empire's enduring power. Intricate details and balanced composition are hallmarks of the era's sophisticated numismatic artistry.

Technical/Grading: Struck in Orichalcum, this Sestertius weighs approximately 25 grams with a 32.5 millimeter diameter, standard for this substantial denomination. For optimal grading, high-points include Hadrian's beard, hair, and laurel wreath on the obverse. On the reverse, Roma's helmet, facial features, and attributes are key. A superior strike exhibits full detail on both sides, excellent centering, and minimal die wear, ensuring clarity of legends and devices for a premium example.

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