Real `Leicester real`
| Issuer | Province of Gelderland (Dutch Republic) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1586 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
| Value | 1 Real (5⁄2) |
| Currency | Gulden (1581-1795) |
| Composition | Silver (.833) |
| Weight | 34.27 g |
| Diameter | 43.5 mm |
| Thickness | |
| Shape | Round (irregular) |
| Technique | Hammered |
| Orientation | |
| Engraver(s) | |
| In circulation to | |
| Reference(s) | HPM#Ge 64 S#890 Voogt#46 , Ver#5.3 |
| Obverse description | Laureate bust of the Earl of Leicester facing right. |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin |
| Obverse lettering |
CONCORDIA · RES · PARVÆ · CRESCVNT · GEL · · (Translation: With harmony small things grow Gelderland) |
| Reverse description | Bundle of arrows surrounded by the coats of armor of the six provinces (starting at 1 o`clock: Gelre, Flanders, Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Friesland). |
| Reverse script | Latin |
| Reverse lettering |
· MO · ORDIN · PROVIN · FOEDER · BELGIÆ · 1586 (Translation: Money by the Order of the United Provinces of the Netherlands 1586) |
| Edge | |
| Mint |
Harderwijk, Netherlands(1343-1802) |
| Mintage |
1586 - - |
| Numisquare ID | 2206544200 |
| Additional information |
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Historical Context: The 1586 Real of Gelderland, famously known as the "Leicester real," encapsulates a critical juncture in the Dutch Revolt. Issued during the controversial governorship of Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, dispatched by Elizabeth I to aid the struggling Dutch Republic, this coin reflects significant English intervention. Leicester's tenure (1585-1587) saw attempts to centralize power and prosecute the war against Spain, making this issue a tangible symbol of the complex Anglo-Dutch alliance and the ongoing struggle for Dutch independence against Habsburg rule.
Artistry: Artistically, the Leicester real adheres to the established numismatic traditions of the Dutch provinces during the late 16th century. While specific engravers are rarely documented for such provincial issues, the design typically features the provincial arms, often crowned, on one side, and a standing armored knight on the other, symbolizing the province's sovereignty and military readiness. The style is robust and functional, characteristic of Northern European mints, prioritizing clear heraldry and legibility over elaborate artistic flourishes, reflecting the pragmatic demands of wartime coinage.
Technical/Grading: This substantial silver coin (34.27 gg, 43.5 mm, .833 fineness) presents several key areas for grading. High-points typically include the crown's intricate details, the precise rendering of the shield's arms, and any facial features or armor elements on the knight. Strike quality can vary significantly; earlier strikes exhibit sharper details and full legends, while later strikes may show weakness in the central motifs or periphery due to die wear. Planchet quality often reveals minor imperfections or irregular flan shapes, common for the period's minting technology.