Quattrino - Alexander VI

Historical Context: Alexander VI, born Rodrigo Borgia, presided over the Papal States from 1492 to 1503, an era of intense political intrigue, cultural flourishing, and territorial expansion during the Italian Renaissance. His pontificate was marked by ambitious efforts to consolidate papal power and advance his family's interests, often through alliances and conflicts with prominent Italian states. This copper Quattrino, issued from Ascoli, serves as a tangible representation of the Pope's temporal authority extending into the various territories of the Papal States. As a low-denomination coin, it was essential for everyday transactions, circulating widely and underpinning the economic life of the populace under Borgia's rule.

Artistry: The specific engraver for this utilitarian copper denomination from a provincial mint like Ascoli is generally not documented. The artistic style of the Quattrino aligns with the early Renaissance period, often exhibiting a blend of late Gothic elements with emerging classical influences. The obverse typically features the distinctive coat of arms of Alexander VI, prominently displaying the Borgia bull, a powerful and instantly recognizable symbol of his family. The reverse commonly depicts a religious motif, such as the crossed keys of St. Peter beneath the papal tiara, or occasionally a local patron saint, signifying both the universal authority of the Papacy and regional devotion.

Technical/Grading: Given its nature as a small copper issue from the late 15th century, the Quattrino of Alexander VI often exhibits characteristics typical of manual production. High-points prone to wear include the intricate details of the bull's head on the Borgia arms, the contours of the papal tiara, and the teeth of the keys of St. Peter. Strike quality can be variable; off-center strikes, weak areas, and planchet irregularities (such as uneven thickness or irregular shape) are frequently observed. Well-centered examples with strong, complete strikes and clear legends are less common and thus highly prized by collectors, reflecting superior craftsmanship from the original minting process.