Catalog
Pul - Tole Buqa Qrim mint
| Issuer | Golden Horde |
|---|---|
| Year | 1287-1291 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Reference(s) | Lebedev#m23, Zeno cat#8569 |
| Obverse description | Within a double-line circle, a square cartouche is depicted with anchor-shaped finials at each corner and an outward-projecting spike at the midpoint of each side, forming a distinctive ornamental border. The mint name appears in Arabic script at the center of the cartouche, identifying the place of issue as Qrim (Crimea). The overall design is rendered in a bold, schematic style typical of Golden Horde copper coinage, with the geometric frame dominating the field. The flan is irregular and slightly porous, consistent with hammered copper production of the late 13th century. |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | The reverse bears the dynastic tamga of the ruling khan set within the same ornamental square cartouche as the obverse, featuring anchor-shaped corner finials and lateral spikes projecting outward at the midpoint of each side, enclosed within a double-line circle. The tamga, serving as the heraldic emblem of the Jochid dynasty, is centrally placed within the cartouche and rendered in relief against the flat field. The flan is irregular in outline, consistent with the hand-struck, crudely cast planchets typical of Golden Horde base-metal issues of this period. |
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| Mintage | ND (1287-1291) - type m23a - ND (1287-1291) - type m23b - |
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