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Pul 'May your prosperity be eternal' - temp. Tode Mongke Qrim mint

Issuer Golden Horde
Year 1280-1287
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Weight 2.0 g
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Reverse description The reverse presents a two-line Arabic inscription in bold, slightly compressed Naskh script, reading 'خلد ملكه' ('May his reign be eternal'), occupying the central field of the flan. The letters are rendered in raised relief characteristic of hammered Golden Horde copper coinage, with individual strokes clearly separated despite the irregular flan surface. The field around the legend is plain, with no border or additional decorative elements visible. The coin's irregular edge and uneven flan are typical of the improvised minting practices at the Qrim mint during the reign of Tode Mongke.
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Mint Qrim mint
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Tode Möngke ruled the Golden Horde from roughly 1280 to 1287, a reign notable for his conversion to Islam — an early and significant shift for the western Mongol state that would accelerate under his successors. The Qrim mint, operating on the Crimean peninsula, was among the Horde's most commercially active, serving a trade corridor that connected Italian merchant republics to the Silk Road interior. Puls of this period circulated in dense local economies where silver was too valuable for small transactions.

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