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Pul 'In the name of Nasir al-Din' temp. Batu Bulghar mint
| Issuer | Golden Horde |
|---|---|
| Year | 1235-1256 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Obverse description | The field is occupied by a multi-line Arabic inscription in Naskh script, rendered in raised relief against a plain copper field. The legend reads 'Al-Nasir li-Din Allah, master of the true believers,' invoking the Abbasid caliph's honorific title as a mark of legitimacy. The flan is irregular in shape, characteristic of early Golden Horde hammered coinage, and the surfaces display the typical uneven strike of the Bulghar mint. The coin is covered with a dark green patina consistent with long burial, partially obscuring some letterforms at the periphery. |
|---|---|
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| Reverse script | Arabic |
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| Additional information |
The attribution "in the name of Nasir al-Din" places this pul within the complex devotional and political signaling of early Golden Horde coinage, where Quranic honorifics and personal name-titles were deployed on copper issues long before the Horde developed a coherent imperial mint program. Bulghar, on the Volga, was the northernmost significant urban center the Mongols inherited from the Volga Bulgars after the 1236 campaign — and it was issuing coins before Sarai existed as a city.
The Pyotr Petrov reference and the Zeno catalog placement both suggest this type is rare in documented form. Bulghar mint attribution for pre-1260 copper remains contested in specialist literature.