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Pfennig - Frederick II Stein in Oberkrain
| Issuer | Duchy of Austria (Austrian States) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1230-1243 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | 1 Pfennig |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Diameter | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Full-length frontal effigy of a standing duke, holding a sword upright in his right hand and a shield in his left. The figure is rendered in the Romanesque style characteristic of Austrian brakteate-influenced coinage of the mid-13th century. A legend encircles the central device, contained between two concentric lines forming an inner and outer border. |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | Architectural facade depicting a central crenellated tower rising above a rounded archway, flanked by two smaller side towers each adorned with pellets. A crooked cross occupies the gateway passage, with three pellets arranged below it in the field. Two flags or banners are depicted between the towers. The design is enclosed within two pearl circles forming the outer border. |
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| Additional information |
Frederick II of Austria — "the Warlike" — issued these bracteate-style pfennigs during a reign defined by near-constant conflict with both the Hungarian crown and the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, whose overlordship he repeatedly defied. The Stein mint in Oberkrain (present-day Kamnik, Slovenia) operated under ducal authority in a strategically contested Alpine corridor, its output serving commerce along routes connecting the Adriatic hinterland to the Danube basin. Frederick died without legitimate heirs at the Battle of the Leitha in 1246, extinguishing the Babenberg line entirely.